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General History[/SIZE][/FONT]
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Brief history of the Orthodox Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral by Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral
Liberation, independence and union of Serbia and Montenegro by Historical Museum of Serbia
Short historic-geographical description of Montenegro by Jovan Stefanov Balevic
Montenegro... Its inhabitants, Orthodox Serbs, from the book by Charles Seignobos, A Political History of Europe, since 1814, H. Holt and Company, New York, 1900
Montenegro and her share in Serbian national development Chapter VIII from the book by Harold W. V. Temperley, History of Serbia, Bell & Sons, London, 1917
Montenegro by Catholic Encyclopedia
The Serbs and Serbia, Vojvodina, and Montenegro, from 1990 draft "Yugoslavia: A Country Study" by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress
An unconquered race story from National Geographic Magazine, May 1908
Serbia and Montenegro story from National Geographic Magazine, November 1908
Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Princedom of Montenegro and Kingdom of Montenegro in Fatherland and exile by Yugoslav Ministry of Foreign Affairs
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[FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=+1]Ethnic Identity[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=-1]"The Montenegrins belong to the Serbian branch of the South Slav peoples ... They speak the Serbo-Croat language, using the Cyrillic alphabet. In religion the majority traditionally belong to the Serbian Orthodox Church."
excerpt from Encyclopedia Americana, 1994 ed., s.v. "Montenegro"
Petrovic Njegos Dynasty The leaders of the struggle for the unification of all Serbs
Montenegrin chieftains "We are of the Greek Orthodox faith and law, of the Serb glorious heroism and language"
Education in Montenegro "In Montenegro live only true and pure Serbs who speak Serbian" (Montenegrin geography textbook from 1911)
Official Certificate of the Ministry of Interior of Princedom/Kingdom of Montenegro
The First Balkan War Bulgarian postcard issued in 1912
Knowledge of the Law, textbook published in 1914 in the Kingdom of Montenegro "Montenegrins are ethnic Serbs, there is no Montenegrin ethnicity... Montenegro is the Serb Kingdom and just a part of the Serb Lands"
Captain Krsto Zrnov Popovic (Serbdom of the Greens) "Montenegro is the land where the spark of Serb freedom has been kept and preserved"
Dr. Novica Radovic (Serbdom of the Greens) "Montenegro is the inheritor of the Serb Empire"
The Serbian origin of the Montenegrins by Petar Vlahovic
Ideological roots of Montenegrin nation and Montenegrin separatism by Slavenko Terzic
Savic Markovic Stedimlija - Ideologist of "Red Croatia"
A word at the meeting of Montenegrin citizens by Slavenko Terzic
Montenegrins and other Serbs by Djordje Tomasevic
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[FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=+2] STATE SYMBOLS OF MONTENEGRO
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[SIZE=-1]Nemanjic Dynasty
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[FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=-1]The entire tradition of Montenegro is based on Kosovo myth, glorification of medieval Serb Empire of the Nemanjics and identification with heroism of Milos Obilic, the Serb hero who killed Turkish Sultan during the Kosovo battle in 1389. Therefore, the symbols of Montenegrin state were based on such tradition of medieval Serb state. [/SIZE][/FONT]
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Crnojevic Dynasty[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=-1]Double-headed eagle, the coat of arms of medieval Serb Empire, was accepted by the Crnojevics, the rulers of Zeta, the last free Serb medieval state, which fell under the Turks in 1499.[/SIZE][/FONT]
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Petrovic Njegos Dynasty[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=-1]Double-headed eagle was always, even under the Turkish and Austro-Hungarian slavery, the symbol of Serb nation. It was natural that Nemanjics' coat of arms should be the Serb state symbol, the coat of arms of modern Serb states, Serbia and Montenegro.[/SIZE][/FONT]
The Lion on the medieval Serb coin
[FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=-1] One of the symbols used by Serb Emperor, Uros Nemanjic, was - the lion. The lion was also, very often, used by Serb medieval landed gentry as well as on the Serb coins. [/SIZE][/FONT]
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[SIZE=-1]In modern time, the lion found the place on the stamps of Serb bishops. The combination of double-headed eagle and lion could be seen on the tombstone of Serb Patriarch, Arsenije IV Sakabenta, in Krusedol (Vojvodina). [/SIZE][/FONT]
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Royal flags of Montenegro[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=-1]The State or People's flag of Montenegro was Serb tricolor, red-blue-white, the colors of Serb nation. It was regulated by the constitution of Principality of Montenegro and later by the constitution of Kingdom of Montenegro. In paragraph 39 it is said that "The people's colors are red, blue and white". This tricolor flag was hoisted on state institutions and public places during the holidays. The people's flag was used without applications. The coffin of king Nikola I Petrovic Njegos was covered with tricolor flag. The Serb tricolor of Montenegro, was used in 1858 for the first time as a flag by prince Danilo Petrovic Njegos and hoisted on his residency in Cetinje, the Montenegrin capital.[/SIZE][/FONT]
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[FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=-1]The Royal flag was based on the same tradition - double-headed eagle with spread and high lifted wings, and the lion, on Serb tricolor. The flag was hoisted on palace, residencies of royal family and objects where the King resided during his visits. [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=-1]The anthem of Montenegro was king Nikola's Serb patriotic song, "OHAMO 'HAMO" (There, Over There). Nikola's patriotic idea and the patriotic idea of all Montenegrins is contended in this song. The patriotic idea was the re-establishing of the Empire of Dusan Nemanjic or state of all Serbs with Prizren as its capital. On the occasion of Nikola's visit to Russia, in 1868, Russian Emperor Alexander II gave him a saber of Serb king Milutin Nemanjic and said: "I have saber of your ancestors. It will find better place in your hand than in arsenal of mine". [/SIZE][/FONT]
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Perper, the currency of king Nikola Petrovic[/FONT]
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[SIZE=-1]Montenegro got its currency in 1906. Since then the foreign currencies were in circulation, especially Austrian currency. The name of Montenegrin currency was - Perper. Perper was the currency of Serb Emperor Dusan Nemanic and the name of Montenegrin currency is given with full sense of patriotism, heritage and identification with Serb Empire.[/SIZE][/FONT]
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The Medal of Obilic[/FONT]
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[SIZE=-1]When King Nikola died, the saber of the Nemanjics, the symbol of Serb glory, was put on his catafalque. His coffin was covered with Serb tricolor flag of Montenegro. [/SIZE][/FONT]
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[SIZE=-1]If we add that the most important Montenegrin medal, introduced by Petar II Petrovic Njegos in 1847, was "The Medal of Obilic", awarded only for brilliant accomplishment of heroism, we can make a conclusion: [/SIZE][/FONT]
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[SIZE=-1]Montenegro considered itself as a direct descendent of Serb medieval Empire, more direct than its sister Serbia.[/SIZE][/FONT]
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Traditional Anthem of Montenegro
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Written in 1867 by Montenegrin King Nikola I[/SIZE]
[/FONT][FONT=Arial,Helvetica]First translation into English by Aleksandar Rakovic; correction of first translation and final English version by anonymous American of Serbian origin [/FONT]
[FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=-1] Онамо, онамо... за брда она,
говоре да је разорен двор
мојега цара; онамо веле,
био је негда јуначки збор.
[/SIZE][/FONT][FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=-1]Онамо, онамо...
да виђу Призрен!
Та то је моје - дома ћу доћ'!
Старина мила тамо ме зове,
ту морам једном оружан поћ'. [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=-1]Онамо, онамо... са развалина
дворова царских врагу ћу рећ':
"С огњишта милог бјежи ми, куго,
зајам ти морам враћати већ'!" [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=-1]Онамо, онамо... за брда она
казују да је зелени гај
под ким се дижу Дечани свети:
молитва у њих присваја рај. [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=-1]Онамо, онамо... за брда она,
гдје небо плаво савија свод;
на српска поља, на поља бојна,
онамо, браћо, спремајмо ход! [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=-1]Онамо, онамо... за брда она
погажен коњ'ма кликује Југ:
"У помоћ, дјецо, у помоћ, синци,
светит' ме старца - свет вам је дуг!" [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=-1]Онамо, онамо... сабљи за стара
његова ребра да тупим рез
по турским ребрим'; да б'једној раји
њом истом с руку рес'јецам вез! [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=-1]Онамо, онамо... за брда она
Милошев, кажу, пребива гроб!
Онамо покој добићу души,
кад Србин више не буде роб.[/SIZE][/FONT]
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There, over there... beyond those hills,
Ruined lies, they say, my
Emperor's palace; there, they say,
Once, heroes had gathered. [/SIZE][/FONT][FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=-1]There, over there... I see Prizren!
It is all mine – home I shall come!
Beloved antiquity calls me there,
Armed I must come there one day. [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=-1]There over there... from on top of the ruins
Of Emperors' palaces to the devil I will say:
"Flee from my beloved home you plague,
Already your loan I must repay!" [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=-1]There, over there... beyond those hills,
Lies a green grove, they say,
Under which rises up Holy Decani:
A prayer said within Paradise claims. [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=-1]There, over there... beyond those hills,
Where sky of blue bends down her arch;
On to Serb fields, on to battle fields,
There, brothers, prepare to march! [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=-1]There, over there... beyond those hills,
Trampled by horses' hooves cries out the Jug:
"Come help me, children, come help me, sons,
Avenge the old man - sacred is your task!" [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=-1]There, over there... for the ribs of the old man,
I'll dull my sabre's edge on
The ribs of the Turks; and cut the ties
From the wrists of the wretched masses! [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=-1]There, over there... beyond those hills,
Lies there, they say, Milos's grave!
There my soul eternal peace shall gain,
When the Serb is no more a slave.[/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=+1]Illustrated supplement of Italian daily
Corriere della Serra,
La Domenica del Corriere from 4-11 May 1913, shows King Nikola refereeing to the Montenegrin army in Cetinje that Turks have yield town of Scutari to the Montenegrins. [/SIZE][/FONT]
[FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=+1]After Turks surrendered Scutari to the Montenegrins on 22 April 1913, European powers insisted the town had to receive international control and Montenegrin troops were evacuated on 14 May.
[/SIZE][/FONT][FONT=Arial,Helvetica][SIZE=+3]Montenegrin Military Flags[/SIZE] [/FONT][FONT=Arial,Helvetica]
Alaj-barjak
The flag of the Montenegrin army [/FONT]
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Krstas-barjak
The flag of the Montenegrin detachments[/FONT]
[FONT=Arial,Helvetica]SERB NATIONAL GUARD,
founded in 1862[/FONT] "Serb National Guard, the only armed Serb institution in the Gulf of Kotor which therefore preserved pure people's character, heaps this year 50 years of its existence". [Montenegrin paper "The Herald of Cetinje", 5 May 1912]
Crest of the Serb National Guard of Kotor
Gathering of the Serb National Guard of Kotor
Flag of the Serb National Guard of Kotor
www.njegos.org