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[FONT=Trebuchet MS, Verdana, Arial]Greece has its only localy built version of this russian electronic warfare system.[/FONT]
[FONT=Trebuchet MS, Verdana, Arial][FONT=Trebuchet MS, Verdana, Arial]AKPB APUR Number of objects controlled 3 APURs (companies CPs) 9 jamming stations Interfacing distance to information radar source, km up to 20 up to 20 Control range, km up to 40 up to 20 Number of targets allocated by complex 50 20 SPN-2 SPN-4 Frequency band, cm 2 3 Sector of simultaneous operation, deg in azimuth 45 45 in elevation 10 (45) 10 (45) Energy, Db/W 57 60 Number of radars suppressed simultaneously fire control radars 6 6 side-looking radars 2 2 terrain-following radars 2 2 The principal ground EW unit is the EW battalion intended for protection of small-sized and area (100x100 km) targets from airborne side-looking radars and fire control systems of air-to-surface guided weapons, as well as for jamming airborne radars supporting low-altitude strike aircraft. [/FONT][/FONT]
[FONT=Trebuchet MS, Verdana, Arial]The battalion consists of three companies and its complement includes (1) the SPN-2 and SPN-4 high power ground jamming stations, (2) the AKUP-1 automated jamming command and control complex comprising the AKPB Automated Battalion Command Post and three APUR Automated Company Command Posts. Each station creates two jamming beams within the sector of simultaneous operation and is able to suppress up to two side-looking radars, or two low-level mission support radars, or up to six fire control radars. [/FONT]
[FONT=Trebuchet MS, Verdana, Arial]The station can operate in autonomous mode controlled from operator control desk, or in centralised mode from AKUP complex. The station can create quasi-continuous disguising noise of response jamming. The jamming can be frequency-aimed or of barrage type. The suppression is gained either by slow changing carrier frequency, or by tuning the carrier frequency from impulse to impulse. [/FONT]
HELIOS 2
Second generation Astrium-built optical reconnaissance satellite network
[FONT=Trebuchet MS, Verdana, Arial]Greece to participate in satellite programme HELIOS-2[/FONT]
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The Defence Ministries of Greece and France signed an agreement on Friday 5 February 2005 , whereby Greece will be the 11th country worldwide that will have access to military space observation satellites.
Specifically, according to an announcement issued by the Greek defence ministry, Greece will participate in the space observation satellite programme HELIOS-2, as member of the European consortium BOC (Besoins Operationelles Communs).
Negotiations on this issue had begun in 1998 and were suspended in 2001. Negotiations were resumed when the ministry's new political leadership came into office last March, resulting in the signing of Friday's agreement.
The other countries which comprise the consortium are France, Spain, Italy, Germany and Belgium.
Greece's financial contribution, as a member of the programme, will amount to 2.5%, which is estimated to equal �80 million over the next 10 years.
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Helios 2 Info
French military surveillance satellite series which began service in 2004. Helios II comprised two four-tonne satellites, Helios IIA and IIB, which were to deliver improved performance relative to their Helios I predecessors (in terms of resolution capability, number of images they can take, and night sight), and an enhanced user ground segment.
The Helios programme was Europe's military optical reconnaissance system consisting of both a space and a ground segment, which commenced service in 1995, jointly funded by the French, Italian and Spanish governments. The Helios I optical observation satellites, launched in July 1995 and December 1999 respectively, could acquire high resolution images of any point on the globe, with daily revisit capability. The new Helios II system was to be able to process data from both the Helios I and the Helios II satellites, while remaining open to future space-based intelligence systems. The French Ministry of Defence procurement agency DGA ran the programme, retained direct control over the management of the ground segment, and delegated the space segment responsibility to the French space agency CNES.
For the first and second generations of the Helios programme, the French Ministry of Defence procurement agency DGA and the French national space agency CNES selected EADS Astrium as prime contractor for the satellites - constructing and integrating the satellite bus and payload, supplying the attitude and orbit control system and developing the flight software and electrical ground support equipment - as well as for the user ground segments, requiring the development of a more ambitious, open-ended second-generation system compatible with both Helios I and II satellites.
Associated Launch Vehicle: Ariane 5G.
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Hellas Sat 2 at 39.0�E
Hellas-Sat 2 was launched on 13 May 2003 carried on a ATLAS V rocket from cape canaveral . The Atlas V rocket placed the satellite into a nearly perfect transfer orbit: apogee of 85,458 km (target was 85,554 km), perigee of 312.2 km (target was 312 km), and an inclination right on target at 17.06 degrees.
Hellas-Sat is the first telecommunications satellite for Greece and Cyprus. The satellite is an Astrium Eurostar 2000+ model that will provide voice, video, data and broadcast services over Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia.
Hellas Sat 1 was leased from Deutsche Telekom and the spacecraft, already in orbit, was moved into the 39-degree slot in 2002 to fulfill ITU rules and essentially hold the spot until Hellas Sat 2 was launched.
HELLAS SAT Consortium Ltd is a joint Greece/Cyprus venture registered in Cyprus. The majority shareholder is the Hellenic Telecommunications Organisation (OTE) partnered with other strategic investors from Greece and Cyprus :
Greece�s OTE Hellenic Telecommunications Organization 83.33% stake ( where Hellas Sat�s Athens offices are located ) Cyprus� AvacomNet (8.51%), Hellenic Aerospace Industry (3.92%), Cyprus Development Bank (3.84%), and Canada�s Telesat with 0.39 percent.
A second satellite is to be launched in 2006 and it will cover mostly north america.
The cost of Hellas Sat 2 was ~ 180 mi. dollars
More info : Hellas Sat
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And some news :
Hellas Sat in Earth & Space Week, Brussels
For the first time in the history of the European Union the European Commission (EC) together with the European Space Agency (ESA) opened its gates to the European public by organizing the European Space Week in Brussels from 12-20 February 2005 . During the event the opportunity was given to visitors to be informed on the European Space policy, satellite communications & earth observation and also how the exploitation of space can benefit our planet in various ways.
Greece for the first time participated in this big event as a member of the European Space Agency where it was recently incorporated as a full member, giving the opportunity to the first Greek satellite Hellas-Sat 2 to participate among the other space organizations. Hellas Sat was one of the sponsors of the Earth Observation Industry Summit held on Wednesday the 16th of February during the Earth and Space Week parallel events.
The Greek delegation won the impression by elaborating to the European partners the Greek space presence and research whilst also presenting to the Greek partners the position of Greece with regards to satellite communication. Greece is one of the 35 countries in the whole planet that offer their own complete satellite communication services. Hellas Sat has at its disposal the most up-to-date Centre of Space Control which is manned exclusively by Greek scientists.
The government is also considering launching a network of 12 lightweight satellites into orbit primarily to monitor Greece
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[FONT=Trebuchet MS, Verdana, Arial]EMB-145 Erieye Airborne Early Warning and Control Aircraft[/FONT]
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The EMB-145 AEW&C is a derivative of the Embraer ERJ-145 regional jetliner airframe, modified with the integration of an Airborne Early Warning radar and mission system. The aircraft incorporates a reinforced airframe, new navigation and communication systems, an enhanced auxiliary power unit (APU), increased fuel capacity and a revised interior layout. The EMB-145 AEW&C's mission system is developed around the Ericsson ERIEYE active, phased-array pulse-Doppler radar and is integrated with an onboard command and control system. Electronic surveillance measures for monitoring communications and non-communications activities are also integrated with the system. [/FONT]
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In 1997, Embraer was awarded a contract to develop and produce the ERIEYE-based EMB-145 AEW&C (designated R-99A) aircraft, together with another version of the same aircraft, the EMB-145 RS Remote Sensing (designated R-99B) variant, for the Brazilian Government's SIVAM program. The Brazilian Air Force (FAB) ordered five AEW&C and three EMB-145 RS aircraft. The first AEW&C aircraft was delivered to the Brazilian Air Force in July 2002 and deliveries were completed in December 2003. [/FONT]
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The Hellenic Air Force of Greece has ordered four EMB-145 AEW&C. The first was delivered in December 2003 and deliveries are expected to be completed by the end of 2004. Mexico has ordered one aircraft for border and coastline monitoring which was delivered in June 2004. Erieye radar systems have also been ordered by Sweden. In February 2005, Embraer signed a Memorandum of Understanding with India for the procurement of three systems. [/FONT]
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A fleet of three aircraft is sufficient to sustain two airborne patrols around the clock for a limited time, or one airborne patrol with one aircraft on continuous ground alert for more than 30 days. Although capable of long endurance at normal patrol speeds, the EMB-145 has a high dash speed which contributes to survivability on patrol missions. [/FONT]
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The EMB-145 AEW&C crew includes the pilot and copilot, five mission systems specialists and up to three reserve crew members. The aircraft is equipped with five or six mission operator consoles. [/FONT]
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COCKPIT [/FONT]
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The all-glass cockpit is fitted with five displays - primary flight displays, multi-function displays and the engine indication and crew alerting system (EICAS) - with multi-reversionary capabilities. [/FONT]
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Avionic systems include full TCAS II (Traffic Alerting and Collision Avoidance), a ground proximity warning system (GPWS) and windshear detector. Dual digital air data computers drive the attitude and heading reference system (AHRS). The pilot is provided with a head-up display particularly for landing guidance. The aircraft has two radio altimeters and instrument landing system. A dual integrated computer controls the autopilot flight director (APFD), windshear detector and EICAS. [/FONT]
[FONT=Trebuchet MS, Verdana, Arial]ERIEYE[/FONT]
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ERIEYE has been developed by Ericsson Microwave Systems. The system comprises an active, phased-array pulse-Doppler radar including integrated secondary surveillance radar and identification friend or foe (SSR/IFF), a comprehensive, modular command-and-control system, electronic support measures (ESM), communications and datalinks. [/FONT]
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Rather than conventional rotodome antenna system, ERIEYE has a fixed, dual-sided and electronically scanned antenna mounted on top of the fuselage. This places much less demand on aircraft size and is designed for mounting on commuter-type aircraft. The ERIEYE is capable of 360� detection and tracking of air and sea targets over the horizon. The instrumented range is 450km and a typical detection range against a fighter aircraft size target is in excess of 350km. [/FONT]
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The system uses advanced solid-state electronics, open-system architecture and ruggedized commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware, including general-purpose programmable workstations and full-colour LCD displays. The ERIEYE radar is already in service with the Swedish Air Force and is in series production for Brazil and other customers. [/FONT]
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[FONT=Trebuchet MS, Verdana, Arial]SIVAM PROGRAM [/FONT]
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The SIVAM program is designed to survey the entire Amazon Basin, an area considerably greater than that of Western Europe. Eight aircraft, five for surveillance and three for remote sensing are used for environmental protection, natural resources survey, border surveillance and support of sustained development in the Amazon region. The aircraft are operated by FAB from the Annapolis air force base.[/FONT]
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The EMB-145 RS remote sensing aircraft is equipped with synthetic aperture radar, forward-looking infra-red/television (FLIR/TV), multi-spectral scanner, COMINT communications intelligence suite, ELINT electronics intelligence system and an on-board recording and processing system. The RS aircraft will be capable of providing updated mapping information and imagery of the area. [/FONT]
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Above: The inner circle represents the extent of the coverage the EBM offers the outer ring represents the range of the current stand off missile SCALP deployed by the Hellenic Airforce this french made weapon that is designed to intergrate with the current electronics of the Hellenic Mirage 2000 MK2 aircraft.
[FONT=Trebuchet MS, Verdana, Arial]Greek Unmanned Aerial Vechile [/FONT]PEGASOS I
The first UAV fully made in Greece is ready and operational.
It has: dimensions: wingspan-5m, length-4,5m, height-1,6m Autonomy for 6 hours. With calm weather it has range of 180km. Max flight height:16.000 ft.Wings and body made of resinous materials installed gyroscopes electronic sensors-that offer real-time data optic cameras with low (for the time being) resolution, that offer real-time video gps guidance automatic robot pilot, in case the transmittion of the base is lost, or is damaged from enemy jams.. full handbook of use that explains the slightest detail and act of the maintainance and operational procedure, "equal" to the manned aircrafts...
It Requires: 170 meters field to take off. a team of highly trained engineers, technicians, air-force officers. tactical flight excercises at least 3 times the month
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PEGASOS II, The evolution of the 100% Greek made UAV
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[SIZE=+0]SPERWER Tactical UAV System[/SIZE]
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[FONT=Trebuchet MS, Verdana, Arial]Sperwer unmanned aerial system (UAS) is designed to support Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition and reconnaissance (ISTAR) at the battlegroup level (brigade to division).[/FONT][/FONT]
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[FONT=Trebuchet MS, Verdana, Arial]The Sperwer system comprises three aerial vehicles, ground control station (GCS), transportable hydraulic catapult and ground data terminal (GDT) housed in the communications shelter carried on high mobility vehicles. The entire system can be transported in two C-130 aircraft and operate from unprepared sites using catapult launch, and parachute and airbags recovery. [/FONT]
[FONT=Trebuchet MS, Verdana, Arial]The system supports simultaneous control of two aircraft, from a single GCS. Furthermore, several GCSs can control multiple missions, and can hand-over UAVs between each other. The ground station is provided with advanced mission planning tools, including 3D terrain modeling and flight path presentation on a geographical data system, image processing, interpretation and connection to C4I networks and compatibility with NATO datalinks and communications networks. To improve survivability and stealth, the GCS can be located up to 2 kilometers from the GDT.[/FONT]
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[FONT=Trebuchet MS, Verdana, Arial]Sperwer is designed to carry the Sagem OLOSP FLIR payload, providing high resolution day and night imagery and target geolocation with an accuracy of 20 meters. Other payloads designed for Sperwer include ELINT, COMINT, communications relay and SAR. The aircraft is equipped with a digital J band datalink (15GHz) and transponder/IFF (Mode 3C) and VHF relay for easy integration in controlled airspace. Sperwer B will be able to carry multiple payloads (EO/IR and SAR or EO/IR and relay etc.) It will also be equipped with two underwing hardpoints, to carry external loads of up to 30kg each. Sagem has already demonstrated the integration of Sperwer B with the SPIKE LR missile and is cooperating with GIAT, to test a new smart munition delivery system, based on the Bonus submunition. According to Sagem, the armed configuration requires the reduction of up to 20 kg of fuel, thus limiting the endurance of the armed Sperwer.[/FONT]
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