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Historical documentation sources
The documentation from the time of Jasenovac revolves around the different sides in the battle for Yugoslavia: The Germans and Italians on the one hand, and the Partisans on the other. There are also sources originating from the documentation of the Ustase themselves and of the Vatican. These sources are in times considered contemporary because German and Ustase sources tend to exaggerate, but the comparison of all different sources can give a reliable portrayt of the historical truth.
German generals issued reports of the number of victims as the war progressed.
German military commanders gave different figures for the number of
Serbs,
Jews and others killed on the territory of the
Independent State of Croatia. They circulated figures of 400,000 Serbs (
Alexander Löhr); 350,000 Serbs (
Lothar Rendulic); around 300,000 (
Edmund Glaise von Horstenau); in 1943; "600-700,000 until March 1944" (
Ernst Fick); 700,000 (Massenbach).
Hermann Neubacher calculates:
"A third must become Catholic, a third must leave the country, and a third must die!" This last point of their program was accomplished. When prominent Ustasha leaders claimed that they slaughtered a million Serbs (including babies, children, women and the elderly), that is, in my opinion, a boastful exaggeration. On the basis of the reports submitted to me, I believe that the number of defenseless victims slaughtered to be three quarters of a million. (Neubacher, Dr. Hermann. Special Assignment in the Southeast, p. 18-30.)
Italian generals, who were more overwhelmed by the atrocious Ustase slaughter, also reported of similar figures to their commanders.
[132] The Vatican's sources also speak of similar figures, E.g. of 350,000 Serbs slaughtered by the end of 1942 (Eugen Tisserant
[133])and "over 500,000 people" at all (Godfried Danneels.
[134])
The Ustase themselves gave more exaggerated assuptions of the number of people they killed.
Vjekoslav "Maks" Luburić, commander-in-chief of all the Croatian camps, announced the great "efficiency" of the Jasenovac camp at a ceremony on October 9, 1942 (keep in mind that Jasenovac operated until 1945). During the banquet which followed, he reported with pride: "We have slaughtered here at Jasenovac more people than the Ottoman Empire was able to do during its occupation of Europe.".
[135] Although the account may appear somewhat exgratted, its veracity can be found in several other Ustase accounts: a circular of the Ustase general headquarters that reads: "the concentration and labor camp in Jasenovac can receive an unlimited number of internees"
[136]). In the same spirit, Miroslav Filipovic-Majstorovic, once captured by Yugoslav forces, addmitted, in attempt to somewhat minimize the rate of crimes committed in Jasenovac (e.g. Miroslav claimed to have personally killed 100 people, extremlly understated
[137]), that during his three months of administration, 20,000 to 30,000 people died,
[138] whereas in other sources it is displayed as 40,000.
[139][140]
A report of the National Committee of
Croatia for the investigation of the crimes of the occupation forces and their collaborators, dated November 15, 1945, which was commissioned by the new government of Yugoslavia under
Tito, stated that 500,000-600,000 people were killed at the Jasenovac complex. These estimates were supported by the government of Yugoslavia while it existed.[
citation needed] These figures were cited by researcher Israel Gutman in the
Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, by the
Simon Wiesenthal Center and others. Proponents of these numbers were subsequently accused of artificially inflating them for purpose of obtaining
war reparations. All in all, The state-commission's report appears to be authentic, since it matches all other sources regarding to the atrocities committed in Jasenovac. Nevertheless, if the numbers were inflated, the gap was probably not substantially large. The state's total war casualties of 1,700,000 as presented by Yugoslavia at the
Paris Peace Treaties, were produced by a math student, Vladeta Vučković, at the Federal Bureau of Statistics.
[141] He later admitted that his estimates included demographic losses (i.e. also factoring in the estimated population increase), while actual losses would have been significantly less.
[141]