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Aetolia (in the Roman sense of the name) had not been greatly affected by Hellenic civilization when the Romans conquered it. Five Aetolian cities, evidently Hellenic and distinguished, figure in Homer.
But Thucydides and the Greeks of the classical age regarded the Aetolians as barbaric. ...
...They extended their rule over tribes to the north whom the Greeks of the great age looked upon as savages.
In the pages of Livy, Philip V of Macedon is made to admit the Hellenic character of some Aetolians, but to deny that the greater part of those who bore the name were Greeks. The Aetolians were natural enemies of the more civilized Greek peoples…
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