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Mich würde im allgemeinen Interessieren, wie sich der Bevölkerungsgrundstock zusammensetzte zu Zeiten der Saffawidischen und Osmanischen Ausseinandersetzungen.
Unter Historikern zum Thema kurdische Aleviten herrscht kein allgemeiner Konsens.
Es gibt zwei Theorien, die einen gehen von einer türkischen Ursprung der Dersimer-Aleviten aus, die sich heute weitegehend in den kurdischen Genpool assimiliert haben. Die zweite Theorie geht weitgehend von einem kurdischen Bevölkerungsgrundstock aus.
Türkische Aleviten:
Kurdische Aleviten:
Unter Historikern zum Thema kurdische Aleviten herrscht kein allgemeiner Konsens.
Es gibt zwei Theorien, die einen gehen von einer türkischen Ursprung der Dersimer-Aleviten aus, die sich heute weitegehend in den kurdischen Genpool assimiliert haben. Die zweite Theorie geht weitgehend von einem kurdischen Bevölkerungsgrundstock aus.
- The present Kurdish Alevis are too numerous to be the descendants of only the remaining parts of those two tribes. This raises the question where the Dersimis came from, and the answer suggested by most Turkish scholars, both of the official history school and liberal ones, is that they are kurdicized (or zazaicized) Turcoman Kızılbaş tribes. This assumption appears so reasonable that is has been unquestioningly accepted by some western scholars as well (e.g. Mélikoff 1982a: 145). However, it is hard to imagine from whom these tribes could have learnt Kurdish or Zaza, given the fact that social contacts with Shafi`i Kurmanc and Zazas are almost nonexistent. In Sivas, on the other hand, Kurdish (and Zaza) Alevis have long been in close contact with Turkish Alevis, without the latter being assimilated. I propose the alternative hypothesis that a considerable part of the ancestors of the present Alevi Kurds neither were Turcomans nor belonged to the followers of Shah Isma`il, but rather were Kurdish- and Zaza-speaking adherents of other syncretist, ghulat-influenced, sects. I shall presently present some evidence to support this hypothesis.
- ...here are yet other indications that Kurdish tribes have played a part in the propagation of certain forms of Alevism (though not necessarily of the Safavid variety). As Irène Beldiceanu-Steinherr gathered from her archival research, the major Bektaşi communities of the 15th and 16th centuries appear to have consisted of nomadic tribes.[22] Ottoman documents contain numerous references to these tribal groups (named Bektaş, Bektaşlu or Bektaşoğulları) and associate them with a wide range of localities, in an arc from Sivas by Malatya, Mar`aş and Antep to Aleppo and Adana and incidentally even further west. Most surprising, perhaps, is the explicit reference to the Kurdish element in these tribes. Cevdet Türkay classifies them as Konar-göçer Türkmân Ekrâdı taifesinden, "nomadic Turcoman Kurds."[23] This term, which occurs often in his list of tribes, appears to refer to tribes of mixed composition
- The said tribal Bektaşis were found in the same regions where we later encounter Kurdish Alevis. But they must be only one of numerous Kurdish tribal elements that went into the formation of the present Kurdish Alevis. Several major Dersimi tribes are found by name in Ottoman sources. Türkay lists, for instance, numerous occurrences of the Lolan, Dirsimli and Dujik/Duşik (a name that we find used in the 19th century to refer to the tribes of Dersim collectively), and all of them he classifies as Ekrâd taifesinden; only one major Dersim tribe, the Balaban, are listed as Yörükan taifesinden.[25]
Türkische Aleviten:
Kurdische Aleviten: