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Kosovo Vilayet
The
Kosovo Province, also known as the
Vilayet of Kosova (
Turkish:
Kosova Vilayeti;
Albanian:
Vilajeti i Kosovës;
Macedonian: Косовска Покраина,
Kosovska Pokraina;
Serbian: Косовски вилајет,
Kosovski vilajet) was a
vilayet of the
Ottoman Empire in the
Balkan Peninsula which included: the current territory of
Kosovo, the western part of the
Republic of Macedonia, a part of southern
Serbia and a portion of north-eastern
Montenegro. Üsküp (
Skopje) functioned as the capital of the province and the mid way point between
Istanbul and its European provinces. Üsküp's population of 32,000 made it the largest city in the province, followed by
Prizren, also numbering at 30,000.
The
Vilayet stood as a
microcosm of Ottoman society; incorporated within its boundaries were diverse groups of peoples and religions:
Albanians,
Serbs,
Bosniaks;
Muslims and
Christians, both Orthodox and Catholic. The province was renowned for its craftsmen and important cities such as İpek (today's
Peć,
Albanian:
Peja), where distinct Ottoman architecture and public baths were erected, some of which can still be seen today. The birthplace of the Albanian national identity was first articulated in
Prizren, by the
League of Prizren members in 1878.
As a result firstly of the
Treaty of San Stefano in 1878, then of the modified
Treaty of Berlin the same year which split the Ottoman Empire, Kosovo became the first line of defense for the Ottoman Empire, with large garrisons of Ottoman troops being stationed in the province. Prior to the
First Balkan War in 1912, the province's shape and location denied Serbia and Montenegro a common land border. After the war, the major part of the vilayet was divided between
Montenegro and
Serbia. These borders were all ratified at the
Treaty of London in 1913
[1] with the Ottoman Empire itself finally recognising the new borders following a peace deal with the Kingdom of Serbia on March 14, 1914.
[2]
History
The Province of Kosovo was an area much larger than today's
Kosovo; not only was today's province incorporated into the Ottoman administered district, but also parts of north-western
Macedonia including the capital city,
Skopje (then Üsküp). Just as Skopje is larger than
Pristina today (Kosovo's administrative seat), it was significantly larger then too, although the population in both towns was several times smaller. Skopje was the provincial capital of Kosovo Province as a Turkish vilayet.
Kosovo encompassed the
Sandžak region cutting into present-day
Central Serbia and
Montenegro along with the
Kukës municipality and surrounding region in present-day northern
Albania. Between 1881 and 1912 (its final chapter), it was internally expanded to include other regions of present-day Republic of Macedonia, including larger urban settlements such as
Štip (
İştip),
Kumanovo (
Kumanova) and
Kratovo (
Kratova) (
see map).
The province's boundaries shifted as the Ottoman Empire lost territory to neighboring states in the
Treaty of Berlin following the
Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 and parts were also internally transferred to
Monastir Province and from
Salonica Province. In 1878, the
Sanjak of Novi Pazar, a subdivision of the Province of Kosovo, fell under
Austro-Hungarian occupation in accord with the Berlin treaty which also allowed Austria-Hungary to occupy
Bosnia and Herzegovina. There it would remain until 1908.
Population
The population of the province had a mixed population. The majority were
Albanians[3]. South Slavic muslims (Bosniaks) were the majority in the Sanjak of Novi Pazar[
citation needed]. Serbs, Bulgarians and Turks were also present in the Province. The Turks and The Bosniaks are adherents of
Islam. The Albanians were mostly adherents of
Islam, whilst Serbs and Bulgarians were believers in
Eastern Orthodoxy. Some Albanians adhered to
Roman Catholicism.
Kosovo Vilayet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
